My recent visit to Flood Plains National Park was one of the most memorable wildlife experiences in Sri Lanka. Located about 222 kilometres northeast of Colombo, this hidden gem was unlike any other national park I had visited.
I have always been curious about this park, especially after learning that it plays a vital role in Sri Lanka’s ecosystem, acting as an elephant corridor between Wasgamuwa and Somawathiya National Parks. When I finally had the chance to visit, I knew I was in for something special — but I didn’t expect it to be this breathtaking.
Arriving at the Park: A Landscape Shaped by Water
As I approached the park, the Mahaweli River, Sri Lanka’s longest river, dominated the landscape. The river’s presence shapes the park’s unique ecosystem, creating flood plains and swampy areas called “villus.”
These villas were unlike anything I had seen before—lush, water-filled grasslands teeming with life. I was lucky to visit just after the Northeast monsoon when the floodwaters had begun to recede, revealing a verdant landscape filled with thriving aquatic plants.
I was fascinated by this park's seasonal transformation. During the monsoon (October to January), the park floods, while the rest of the year is dry. This constant change creates diverse ecological zones, making each visit a unique experience depending on the time of year.
Exploring the Flora: A Green Haven
As I wandered deeper into the park, I was surrounded by various plant species. The park is home to over 231 plant species, including towering kumbuk trees (Terminalia arjuna) and rattan cane (Calamus rotang).
The flood plains gave way to dense swamp forests and seasonally flooded grasslands, creating layers of green wherever I looked. The air was fresh, and birds calling from the trees added a calm rhythm to the journey.
It was incredible to see how life thrives here, adapting to the ever-changing conditions of the flooded plains.
Wildlife Encounters: Elephants, Cats, and More
The wildlife was, without a doubt, the highlight of my trip. Flood Plains National Park is a sanctuary and a key migration route for elephants, and I didn’t have to wait long to spot these gentle giants.
A herd of elephants — including the Vil Aliya, or Marsh Elephant — was grazing near a villu. These elephants are specially adapted to the marshy terrain, and watching them navigate the wet grasslands with ease was truly mesmerizing.
But elephants weren’t the only stars of the show. The park’s diverse habitats support a wide variety of animals, and I was fortunate enough to catch glimpses of:
- The elusive Sri Lankan Leopard, moving gracefully between trees.
- Fishing cats and jungle cats, watching the water’s edge for prey.
- Wild boars, jackals, and the shy Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain.
- The grizzled giant squirrel darted among the tree branches.
The sighting of the Grey Slender Loris, a rare nocturnal primate, was an absolute highlight. I had read that the park is one of the few places in Sri Lanka where this mysterious creature can be found—and there it was, peering through the leaves with its wide, curious eyes.
A Birdwatcher’s Paradise
Flood Plains National Park will feel like paradise if you're a bird enthusiast. As I explored the wetlands, I was greeted by the calls and colours of countless bird species.
During my visit, I spotted:
- Painted storks standing still in the shallow waters.
- Ospreys gliding overhead.
- Marsh sandpipers and wood sandpipers delicately picking through the mud.
- The vibrant Garganey and Asiatic golden plover.
- Eastern large egrets, purple coots, and Indian darters add to the park’s rich avian tapestry.
With around 75 species of migratory birds visiting the park during winter, it’s a birdwatcher’s dream, offering spectacles of migration and seasonal abundance.
A Walk Through History: Rock Engravings and Ancient Tales
While the park's natural wonders were impressive, what caught me off guard were the historical gems hidden within it.
I stumbled upon ancient rock engravings dating back to the 2nd to 7th centuries, offering a glimpse into Sri Lanka’s ancient civilizations. Not far from the park lies Dimbulagala Rock, home to prehistoric caves believed to have sheltered early human communities.
Another historical site nearby, the Vijithapura fortress, reminded me that Flood Plains National Park isn’t just about wildlife—it’s also a place where nature and history converge.
Activities for Nature Lovers and Adventure Seekers
For those seeking more than just passive observation, Flood Plains National Park offers eco-friendly activities and guided safaris.
I joined a guided nature walk, where the local guide shared fascinating stories about the park’s role in the Mahaweli River system and the importance of its flood plains in supporting biodiversity.
For the more adventurous, there are options for:
- Boat safaris along the Mahaweli River.
- Hiking trails leading to scenic viewpoints.
- Elephant-watching excursions at prime feeding grounds.
Reflections on Conservation and Sustainability
What impressed me most during my visit was the dedication to conservation. The Sri Lankan government has tried to preserve this critical ecosystem, ensuring that elephants and other wildlife can thrive here.
The park is a living example of how responsible tourism and biodiversity conservation can coexist. The ongoing conservation projects, especially those focusing on elephant migration corridors, highlight the park’s ecological importance for Sri Lanka and the entire region.
Tips for Visiting Flood Plains National Park
If you’re planning a trip, here are a few tips based on my experience:
- Best Time to Visit: February to September (during the dry season) for the best wildlife sightings.
- Don’t miss the elephant corridor in the early mornings or late evenings.
- Travel Light: Comfortable clothing, binoculars, and a camera are necessary.
- Explore by Boat: A river safari offers a unique park perspective.
- Birdwatching: Bring a good pair of binoculars — the birdlife is phenomenal.
Final Reflections: A Must-Visit Gem in Sri Lanka
My time at Flood Plains National Park was truly transformative. From watching herds of elephants roam the flooded plains to hearing the calls of migratory birds, the park offers a peaceful and thrilling experience.
This park isn’t just a biodiversity hotspot—it’s a living testament to nature's resilience, a window into ancient history, and a reminder of the delicate balance between humans and the natural world.
If you’re looking for a safari experience that combines wildlife, history, and scenic beauty, Flood Plains National Park should be on your list. It’s not just a destination; it’s a story waiting to be discovered, a memory waiting to be made.
